Churn



n e h s h M e h S 2 T L A W E R I T S (No Model.)

GHURN Patented May 16, 1882.

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V. STIREWAL'T.

GHURN Patented May 16, 1882.

WITNESSES UNIT-ED STATES PATENT Osman.

VALENTINE STIREWALT, OF DAVIDSON COLLEGE, NORTH CAROLINA.

CHURN.

SPECIFICATION forming part ofLetters Patent No. 257,902, dated May 16,1882.

Application filed December 12, 188l. (No model.)

To all whom it may-concern;

Be it known that I, V. STIREWALT, of Davidson College, in the county ofMecklenburg and State of North Carolina, have invented an Improved Churnand I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exactdescription thereof, reference being h-ad'to the accompanying drawings,making part of this specification- Figure 1 being a central verticalsection of a churn-body constructed with my improvements, the dasher andother parts of the churn being shown in elevation; Fig. 2, a centralvertical section of the churn-body; Fig. 3, a horizontal section of thechurn through the churn-body; Fig. 4, an edge view of the dasher; Fig.5, a side view of a dashcr, showing a modification of the construction.

Like letters designate corresponding parts in all of the figures.

My invention belongs to the class of rotarydasher churns.

another and produce intense agitation of the cream and in'terminglingair therewith. In

my present invention I employ similar cleats or deflectors, B B, withnotches a a, on the inner surface ofthe'ehurn-body A, as one element ofthe organization; but I employ an entirely different construction ofdasher U in connection with these cleats, as follows: The

dasher is made solid in the middle, along the axis or shaft, while thewings thereof have alternate blades 1) b and notches or intermediatespaces 0 c, the blades extending radially, or nearly so, outward, nearlybut not quite reaehingto the cleats or deflectors B B. The upper andlower surfaces of the blades which bound the intermediate spaces areinclined substantially as follows: The forward faces, (I d, on each wingall incline downward and not being important, while the rear faces, ff,

forward, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, or the opare nearly or exactlyparallel with the front faces, thus inclining the intermediate spaces 0c. When theyincline as shown audjust de-. scribed they cause currents ofcream to ascend obliquely between the buckets; but if the surfacesshould incline in the other direction they would cause thecream-currents to descend, as if the dasher were turned in the oppositedirection from that indicated by arrows in Fig. 3. The motion of thecurrents thus produced is to be immediately reversed by some means. Ifthere are only two oppositewings to the dasher, as shown in Figs. 1 and3, or even if there were three, all the buckets are inclined in the samedirection, thus all lifting or all depressing the cream simultaneously;and there is space enough between the wings, or both or all sides, toallow the currents of cream to reverse by gravity between the successivewings; but if there are four wings of dashers, as shown in Fig. 5, (ormore than four,) then the wings would follow one another so quickly thatgravity could not be relied on to reverse the currents in the intervals.In such case, instead of having all the buckets incline alike, I makethe buckets on one wing incline one way and those of the next wing theopposite way, and thus all around the circle, so that the currents ofcream are alternatelyforced upward and then downward by positive action.This construction is shown in Fig. 5. There should in such case be aneven number of wings.

With the above described construction of the dasher, in combination withthe cleats on the churn-body, I produce, in addition tothecross-currents caused by the notched cleats effected in myformerinvention, also very active and forcible cross-currents betweenthe blades of the dasher, while the centrifugal currents between thedasher and cleats are maintained, notwithstanding that the dasher isrevolved with less resistance and expenditure of power than if solid orentire. Three sets of different and powerful alternatingcurrents arethus produced by this simple construction. The dasher may be cut fromwood or cast in metal, and made very cheaply.

The combination of this peculiar dasher with the churn-body having theinside cleats and notches therein, as above set forth, produces apeculiar and improved effect. While the cleats alone producealternateascendin gand descending currents of cream, crossing oneanother, and thereby greatly agitate the cream subjected thereto, andeffectually mingle air therewith, yet the mass of the cream inside ofthe cleats passes round withoutmuch agitation, and the operation of anordinary dasher only serves to dash the cream against and between thecleats. On the other hand, while my improved dasher produces a similarcrossing and intermingling of the currents of cream, yet, without thecleats or their equivalent, this motion of the cream, produced simply bythe dasher, would be comparatively weak and ineffectual, because of themotion imparted to the body of the cream by the dasher, which wouldcarry it round and round with itself; but by combining the two not onlythe aggregate effects of the two are produced, but much more, for thenthe resistance offered by the cleats to the carrying round of the creamin a The combination of the dasher-O, constructed with sets of blades bb, having inclined surfaces and alternating spaces 0 c, as described,and the churn-body A, constructed with vertical cleats B B on its innersurface, the said cleats being broken or interrupted by cross notches orspaces a a, the notches of one cleat alternating in position with thoseof adjacent cleats, substantially as and for the purpose hereinspecified.

The foregoing specification signed by me this 4th day of October, 1881.

VALENTINE STIREWALI. Witnesses:

JNo. D. BROWN,

1 J. KNOX.

